capacitor

What is Capacitor?

A capacitor is a device capable of storing energy in a form of an electric charge and A battery is an electronic device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. A capacitor is a little like a battery but works completely differently.

construction 

A capacitor is a two-terminal electrical device that can store energy in the form of an electric charge. It consists of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance.  The space between the conductors may be filled by vacuum or with an insulating material known as a dielectric. The ability of the capacitor to store charges is known as capacitance.

Capacitors store energy by holding apart pairs of opposite charges. The simplest design for a capacitor is a parallel plate, which consists of two metal plates with a gap between them. But, different types of capacitors are manufactured in many forms, styles, lengths, girths, and materials.


working of capacitor 

A capacitor works by storing electric charge and electrical energy in an electric field. It consists of two conductive plates, which are separated by an insulating material called the dielectric. When a voltage is applied across the plates, electric charge builds up on them, and an electric field is created between them. 

When a voltage is applied across the plates of a capacitor, electrons flow from one plate to the other until the voltage across the capacitor is equal to the applied voltage. Once the capacitor is fully charged, it can store electrical energy, which can be released when the capacitor is discharged.


Units of Capacitance

The basic unit of capacitance is Farad. But, Farad is a large unit for practical tasks. Hence, capacitance is usually measured in the sub-units of Farads, such as micro-farads (µF) or pico-farads (pF).

Most of the electrical and electronic applications are covered by the following standard unit (SI) prefixes for easy calculations:

  • 1 mF (millifarad) = 10−3 F
  • 1 μF (microfarad) =10−6 F
  • 1 nF (nanofarad) = 10−9 F
  • 1 pF (picofarad) = 10−12 F

Types of Capacitors

There are various types of capacitors, each with unique characteristics and applications. Some of the most common types of capacitors are:

1. Ceramic Capacitors: These capacitors have a ceramic dielectric material and are commonly used in high frequency applications.

2. Electrolytic Capacitors: These capacitors have an electrolyte as the dielectric material and are commonly used in applications where high capacitance values are required.

3. Film Capacitors: These capacitors have a thin plastic film as the dielectric material and are commonly used in applications where stability and accuracy are important.

4. Tantalum Capacitors: These capacitors have a tantalum metal as the anode and are commonly used in applications where high stability and reliability are required.

5. Aluminum Capacitors: These capacitors have an aluminum metal as the anode and are commonly used in applications where high capacitance values are required

6. Supercapacitors: These capacitors have a very high capacitance value and are commonly used in applications where high power density and fast charging and discharging are required.

7. Variable Capacitors: These capacitors have variable capacitance values and are commonly used in applications such as tuning circuits in radios and TVs.






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